The Mediating Effect of Adaptability on the Relationship Between Ethical Climate and Attitudes Towards Change Among Public School Teachers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i6.1005Keywords:
Adaptability, Ethical Climate, Attitude Towards Change, PhilippinesAbstract
This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of adaptability on the relationship between ethical climate and attitudes towards change among public school teachers in Magsaysay North and South District among 310 teachers in Magsaysay South and North District, Division of Davao del Sur. This research used is a non- experimental design utilizing stratified random selection technique. The statistical tools used were mean, Pearson r, and path analysis using AMOS. As data sources, reliable research instruments on adaptability, ethical climate and attitudes towards change were used. This study revealed substantial correlations between the ethical climate and public school teachers; attitudes toward change. Utilizing path analysis, the study’s findings suggested that the effect of adaptability on the relationship between the ethical climate and attitudes toward change among public school teachers was partially mediated. It cannot, however, completely take into account how the two variables are related.
Downloads
References
Abun, D., Menor, R. I., Catabagan, N. C., Magallanes, T., &Ranay, F. B. (2021). Organizational climate and work engagement of employees of divine word colleges in Ilocos Region, Philippines. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(1), 107-121.
Acosta, J., Chinman, M., Ebener, P., Malone, P., Phillips, A., & Wilks, A. (2018).Understanding the relationship between perceived school climate and bullying: A mediator analysis. Journal of School Violence, 18(2), 200–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2018.1453820.
Adeniji, C. G., Iyiola, O. O., Agboola, M. G., Akinbode, M., &Epetimehin, S. (2016). Employees’ attitudes towards organizational change and its effects on employee commitment.
Agarwal, J. & Malloy, D. C. (1999). Ethical work climate dimensions in a not-for-profit organization: An empirical study. Journal of Business Ethics, 20, 1-14.
Aldridge, J., & McChesney, K. (2018). The relationships between school climate and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 88, 121–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.01.012.
Al-Haddad, S., &Kotnour, T. (2015). Integrating the organizational change literature: A model for successful change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(2), 234–262.
Aljawarneh, N. M. S., &Atan, T. (2018). Linking tolerance to workplace incivility, service innovative, knowledge hiding, and job search behavior: The mediating role of employee cynicism. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 11(4), 298-320.
Aloustani, S., Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F., Zagheri-Tafreshi, M., Nasiri, M., Barkhordari-Sharifabad, M., & Skerrett, V. (2020). Association between ethical leadership, ethical climate and organizational citizenship behavior from nurses’ perspective: a descriptive correlational study. BMC nursing, 19(1), 1-8.
Amit, P. P. (2018). Employee perception towards organisational change. International Academic Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 5(2), 1–25.
Andersson, L. M. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human relations, 49(11), 1395-1418.
Arifin, K. (2020, January). Factors influencing employee attitudes toward organizational change: literature review. In 5th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2019) 188-191. Atlantis Press.
Aryati, A. S., Sudiro, A., Hadiwidjaja, D., &Noermijati, N. (2018). The influence of ethical leadership to deviant workplace behavior mediated by ethical climate and organizational commitment. International Journal of Law and Management.
Avolio, B., & Locke, E. (2002). Contrasting different philo- sophies of leader motivation altruism versus egoism. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(2), 169–191. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S1048-9843(02)00094-2.
Barnett, T., & Schubert, E. (2002). Perceptions of the ethical work climate and covenantal relationships. Journal of Business Ethics, 36(3), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1023/ A:1014042613106.
Bosworth, K., & Judkins, M. (2014). Tapping into the power of school climate to prevent bullying: One application of schoolwide positive behavior interventions and supports. Theory Into Practice, 53(4), 300-307.
Brower, H. H. & Shrader, C. B. (2000). Moral reasoning and ethical climate: Not-for-profit vs. for-profit boards of directors. Journal of Business Ethics, 26, 147-167.
Brühwiler, C., & Blatchford, P. (2011). Effects of class size and adaptive teaching competency on classroom processes and academic outcome. Learning and Instruction, 21, 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2009.11.004.
Burton, L. J., Peachey, J. W., & Wells, J. E. (2017). The role of servant leadership in developing an ethical climate in sport organizations. Journal of Sport Management, 31(3), 229-240.
Bushnell, M. (2001). This bed of roses has thorns: Cultural assumptions and community in an elementary school. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 32(2), 139-166.
Caballero, C. G., &GuhaoJr, E. S. (2020). Structural Equation Model on Organizational Commitment of Private Schools’ Library Personnel in Region XI. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9, 335-381.
Collie, R. J., & Martin, A. J. (2017). Teachers’ sense of adaptability: Examining links with perceived autonomy support, teachers’ psychological functioning, and students’ numeracy achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 55, 29-39.
Collie, R. J., Granziera, H., & Martin, A. J. (2018). Teachers’ perceived autonomy support and adaptability: An investigation employing the job demands-resources model as relevant to workplace exhaustion, disengagement, and commitment. Teaching and Teacher Education, 74, 125-136.
Collie, R.J., Martin, A., &Granziera, H. (2018, May 8). Being able to adapt in the classroom improves teachers’ well-being. Retrieved from https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/social-affairs/being-able-adapt-classroom-improves-teachers-well-being.
Collie, R.J., & Martin, A.J. (2015). Teachers’ Adaptability: Examining Links with Principal Support, Teachers’ Psychological Functioning, and Students’ Achievement. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Collie, R. J., & Martin, A. J. (2016). Adaptability: An important capacity for effective teachers. Educational Practice and Theory, 38, 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/ept/38.1.03.
Collie, R. J., & Martin, A. J. (2017). Teachers’ sense of adaptability: Examining links with perceived autonomy support, teachers’ psychological functioning, and students’ numeracy achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 55, 29-39.
Corno, L. (2008). On teaching adaptively. Educational Psychologist, 43, 161–173. http://dx. doi.org/10.1080/00461520802178466.
Cowie, H., &Colliety, P. (2018). Addressing the mental health and emotional needs of children who bully. In H. Cowie & C. A. Myers (Eds.), School Bullying and Mental Health: Risk, Intervention and Prevention 90–100. Routledge.
Cullen, J., Vıctor, B., & Stephens, C. (1989). An ethical weather report: Assessing the organization’s ethical cli- mate. Organizational Dynamics, 18(2), 50–62. https://doi. org/10.1016/0090-2616(89)90042-9.
Derin, O. B., Toker, K., &Gorener, A. (2021). The relationship between knowledge sharing and innovative work behaviour: the mediating role of ethical climate. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 1-14.
Durrah, O., Chaudhary, M., & Gharib, M. (2019). Organizational cynicism and its impact on organizational pride in industrial organizations. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(7), 1203.
Dusick, D. M. (2018). What social cognitive factors influence faculty members’ use of computers for teaching? A literature review. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 31(2), 123-137.’
Erondu, E. A., Sharland, A., & Okpara, J. O. (2004). Corporate ethics in Nigeria: A test of the concept of an ethical climate. Journal of Business Ethics, 51(4), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000032520.48012.fd.
Fix, G. M., Rikkerink, M., Ritzen, H. T. M., Pieter, J. M., & Kuiper, W. A. J. M. (2020). Learning within sustainable educational innovation: An analysis of teachers’ perceptions and leadership practice. Journal of Educational Change, 22, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-020-09410-2.
Friend, S. B., Jaramillo, F., & Johnson, J. S. (2020). Ethical climate at the frontline: A meta-analytic evaluation. Journal of Service Research, 23(2), 116-13
Fritzsche, D. J. & Becker, H. (1984). Linking management behavior to ethical philosophy: An empirical investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 27, 166-175.
Gleeson, B. (2018). Organizational Change Can Really Hurt: 3 Ways To Manage Fear And Stay Energized. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/brentgleeson/2018/03/23/organizational-change-can-suck-3-ways-to-manage-fear-and-stay-energized/?sh=735110b6609d.
GonanBožac, M., &Kostelić, K. (2021). HR Managers’ Emotions in Strategic Decision-Making Events: Evidence from Croatia. Sustainability, 13(2), 845.
Grama, B., &Todericiu, R. (2016). Change, Resistance to Change and Organizational Cynicism. Studies in Business & Economics, 11(3).
Gumusluoglu, L., Karakitapoğlu‐Aygün, Z., & Hu, C. (2020). Angels and devils?:How do benevolent and authoritarian leaders differ in shaping ethical climate via justice perceptions across cultures?. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(2), 388-402.
Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Chang, H. S., & Li, J. J. (2020). Workplace spiritua mediator between ethical climate and workplace deviant behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 86, 102372.
Hefny, L. (2020). The relationships between job satisfaction dimensions,organizational commitment and turnover intention: the moderatingrole of ethical climate in travel agencies. Journal of Human Resourcesin Hospitality & Tourism, 1-23.
Hyun, H., Park, J., Yum, J., & Lee, S. (2021). Retail Employees’ Ethical Value and Climate on Multidimensional Job Satisfaction: A Comparative Study with B2B Employees. Asia Marketing Journal, 23(2), 4.
Jermsittiparsert, K., Sangperm, N., &Siriattakul, P. (2019). The effect of workplace spirituality and ethical climate on the corporate sustainability performance of retail chain stores in Thailand. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 23(4), 865-878.
Jiang, Z., Hu, X., Wang, Z., & Jiang, X. (2019). Knowledge hiding as a barrier to thriving: The mediating role of psychological safety and moderating role of organizational cynicism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(7), 800-818.
Jordan, P., Troth, A., Ashkanasy, N., & Humphrey, R. (2020). The antecedents and consequences of fear at work. The Cambridge Handbook of Workplace Affect. Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 402-413.
Keiser, K. A., & Schulte, L. E. (2007). The development and validation of the elementary school ethical climate index. The School Community Journal, 17(2), 73.
Kin, T. M., & Kareem, O. A. (2018). The relationship between emotional intelligence of school principals in managing change and teacher attitudes towards change. Interna- tional Journal of Leadership in Education. 10.1080/13603124.2018.1481535.
Koskenvuori, J., Numminen, O., &Suhonen, R. (2019). Ethical climate in nursing environment: a scoping review. Nursing ethics, 26(2), 327-345.
Konishi, C., Miyazaki, Y., Hymel, S., & Waterhouse, T. (2017). Investigating associations between school climate and bullying in secondary schools: Multilevel contextual effects modeling. School Psychol- ogy International, 38(3), 240–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034316688730.
Kutsyuruba, B., Klinger, D. A., & Hussain, A. (2015). Relationships among school climate, school safety, and student achievement and well-being: A review of the literature. Review of Education, 3(2), 103– 135. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3043.
Låftman, S. B., Östberg, V., &Modin, B. (2016). School climate and exposure to bullying: A multilevel study. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 28(1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243 453.2016.1253591
Lata, M., & Chaudhary, R. (2022). Workplace spirituality and employee incivility: Exploring the role of ethical climate and narcissism. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 102, 103178.
Lawrence, T. (2017). Bullying in secondary schools: Action planning using a positive behavior intervention and support framework. American Secondary Education, 5(2), 85–92. https://eric.ed.gov/?id= EJ1142308
Lebel, R. D. (2017). Moving beyond fight and flight: A contingent model of how the emotional regulation of anger and fear sparks proactivity. Academy of Management Review, 42, 190–206.
Lee, S. H., & Ha‐Brookshire, J. (2018). The effect of ethical climate and employees’ organizational citizenship behavior on US fashion retail organizations’ sustainability performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(5), 939-947.
Lester, L. & Cross, D. (2015). The relationship between school climate and mental and emotional wellbe- ing over the transition from primary to secondary school. Psychology of Well-Being, 5(9). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-015-0037-8.
Loughland, T., & Alonzo, D. (2018). Teacher adaptive practices: Examining links with teacher self-efficacy, perceived autonomy support and teachers’ sense of adaptability. Educational Practice and Theory, 40(2), 55-70.
Martin, A. J., Nejad, H. G., Colmar, S., &Liem, G. A. D. (2012). Adaptability: Conceptual and empirical perspectives on responses to change, novelty and uncertainty. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 22, 58–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2012.8.
McIlveen, P., Perera, H. N., Baguley, M., van Rensburg, H., Ganguly, R., Jasman, A., &Veskova, J. (2019). Impact of teachers’ career adaptability and family on professional learning. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 47(2), 103-117.
Meyer, A. (2022). How can principal leadership practices promote teacher collaboration and organizational change? A longitudinal multiple case study of three school improvement initiatives. Journal of Educational Change, 1-31.
Moscarello, J. M., & Hartley, C. A. (2017). Agency and the calibration of motivated behavior. Trends in cognitive sciences, 21(10), 725-735.
Mulki, J. P., Jaramillo, J. F., &Locander, W. B. (2008). Effect of ethical climate on turnover intention: Linking attitudinal-and stress theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(4), 559-574.
Nair, R. S., & Sivakumar, V. (2018). Investigating the impact of workplace spirituality on ethical climate. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17(3), 7-27.
Nedkovski, V., Guerci, M., De Battisti, F., &Siletti, E. (2017). Organizational ethical climates and employee’s trust in colleagues, the supervisor, and the organization. Journal of Business Research, 71, 19-26.
Neiva, E. R., Ros, M., & Paz, M. G. T. (2005). Attitudes towards organizational change: validation of a scale. Psychology in Spain, 9(1), 81-90.Omar, A. K., & Tai, M. K. (2018). Attitudes toward change: A comparison between senior assistants and teachers in Malaysian secondary schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(1), 249-265.
Parboteeah, K. P., & Kapp, E. A. (2008). Ethical climates and workplace safety behaviors: An empirical investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(3), 515-52.
Parsons, S., Williams, B., Burrowbridge, S., &Mauk, G. (2012). The case for adaptability as an aspect of reading teacher effectiveness. Voices from the Middle, 19, 19–23.
Pereira, V. R., Maximiano, A. C. A., & de Souza Bido, D. (2019). Resistance to change in BPM implementation. Business Process Management Journal.
Rafedzi, E. R. K., Zainal, N. K., Yu, H., & Kamal, J. I. A. (2018). Barriers to Access the Information by Male Juvenile Delinquents in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 7(3), 86–95.
Rajapakshe, W. (2021). Driving Organizational Change In The Midst Of The Crisis: How Does It Affect Employee Performance?. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 10(1), 67-78.
Ramendran, C. S. P. R., Raman, G., Mohamed, R. K. M. H., Beleya, P., &Nodeson, S. (2013). Organizational flexibility and its implications on employees productivity. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(10), 298-316.
Reaves, S., McMahon, S., Duffy, S., & Ruiz, L. (2018). The test of time: A meta-analytic review of the relation between school climate and problem behavior. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 39, 100– 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.01.006.
Rebeka, E., &Indradevi, R. (2015). A study on perception of employees during change in an organization. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1p72.
Reichers, A. E., Wanous, J. P., & Austin, J. T. (1997). Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change. Academy of management perspectives, 11(1), 48-59.
Rosenblatt, Z. &Peled, D. (2002). School ethical climate and parental involvement. Journal of Educational Administration, 40(4), 349-367.
Sagnak, M. (2010). The relationship between transformational school leadership and ethical climate. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10(2), 1135-1152.
Salle, T. L., George, H. P., McCoach, D. B., Polk, T., & Evanovich, L. L. (2018). An examination of school climate, victimization, and mental health problems among middle school students self-identifying with emotional and behavioral disorders. Behavioral disorders, 43(3), 383-392.
Saygili, M., Özer, Ö., &Karakaya, P. Ö. (2020). Paternalistic leadership, ethical climate and performance in health staff. Hospital topics, 98(1), 26-35.
Schulte, L. E., Shanahan, S., Anderson, T. D., & Sides, J. (2003). Student and teacher perceptions of their middle and high schools’ sense of community. The School Community Journal, 13(1), 7-33.
Seashore Louis, K., & Murphy, J. (2017). Trust, caring and organizational learning: The leader’s role. Journal of Educational Administration, 55, 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-07-2016-0077.
Shapira-Lishchinsky, O., &Raftar-Ozery, T. (2018). Leadership, absenteeism acceptance, and ethical climate as predictors of teachers’ absence and citizenship behaviors. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(3), 491-510.
Simha, A., & Cullen, J. (2012). Ethical climates and their effects on organizational outcomes: Implications from the past and prophecies for the future. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 21–23. https://doi.org/ 10.5465/amp.2011.0156.
Singh, A., & R. P. Gupta. (2016). A research paper on the employees attitude towards organizational change. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 15(2), 44–47. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853- 152124447
Slimani, I., Douli, S., &Belhadj, F. (2017). The Relationship between Organizational Climate and Organizational Change in Corporation Sonelgaz Rustic Distribution Bechar Algeria.
Sokal, L., Trudel, L., & Babb, J. (2020a). Supporting teacherts in times of change: The job demands-resources model and teacher burnout during the Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Contemporary Education, 3(2) http://redframe.com/journal/index/php/ijce/issue/view/243.
Sokal, L., Trudel, L. E., & Babb, J. (2020b). Canadian teachers’ attitudes toward change, efficacy, and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 1, 100016.
Snyder, R. (2017). Resistance to Change among Veteran Teachers: Providing Voice for More Effective Engagement. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1145464.pdf.
Suryani, S., Sudrajat, B., Hendryadi, H., Oktrivina, A., Hafifuddin, H., &Buto, Z. A. (2021). Can Islamic work ethics encourage knowledge-sharing behaviors? The role of job embeddedness and organizational identification. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research.
Tai, M. K., & Omar, A. K. (2017). Measuring teacher attitudes toward change: An empirical validation. International Journal of Management in Education, 11(4), 437-469. doi: 10.1504/IJMIE.2017.10005987.
Tehranineshat, B., Torabizadeh, C., &Bijani, M. (2020). A study of the relationship between professional values and ethical climate and nurses’ professional quality of life in Iran. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(3), 313-319.
Thompson, R., Joseph, K., Bailey, L., Worley, J., &Wiliams, C. (2000). Organizational change: an assessement for trsut and cynicism. Office of Aviation Medicine Washington DC. DOT/FAA/AM-00/14.
Tziner, A., Felea, M., &Vasiliu, C. (2015). Relating ethical climate, organizational justice perceptions, and leader-member exchange (LMX) in Romanian organizations. Revista de Psicología del Trabajoy de las Organizaciones, 31(1), 51-57.
Varank, I., &Tozoglu, D. (2018). Why are teachers resistant to change> Key issues and challenges in technology integration. Retrieved from http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423867308.pdf.
Varela, J. J., Sirlopú, D., Melipillán, R., Espelage, D., Green, J., &Guzmán, J. (2019). Exploring the influence school climate on the relationship between school violence and adolescent subjective well- being. Child Indicators Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-09631-9
Vaughn, M., & Parsons, S. A. (2016). Toward adaptability: Where to from here? Theory Into Practice, 55, 267–274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2016.1173998.
Wang, H., Hall, N. C., & Rahimi, S. (2015). Self-efficacy and causal attributions in teachers: Effects on burnout, job satisfaction, illness, and quitting intentions. Teaching and Teacher Education, 47, 120–130. https://doi:10.1016/j.tate.2014.12.005.
Yến, H. H. (2020). Perception on ethical climate and individual job performance of bank employees. Journal of Economic Development, 24(4), 85-98.
Zee, M., &Koomen, H. M. Y. (2016). Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being: A synthesis of 40 years of research. Review of Educational Research, 86, 981–1015. doi:10.3102/0034654315626801.
Zimmerman, J. (2016). Why Some Teachers Resist Change and What Principals Can Do About It. Retrieved from https://pdfs.anticscholar.5717b98785ad057e69b573f538b566ae3.pdf.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Rachelle G. Agero, Lyndon A. Quines
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
